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	<title>Romano Prodi &#187; Estero</title>
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		<title>A big step towards fiscal federalism in Europe</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/a-big-step-towards-fiscal-federalism-in-europe_1608.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/a-big-step-towards-fiscal-federalism-in-europe_1608.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 09:41:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banche]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crisi economica]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[A big step towards fiscal federalism in Europe
By Romano Prodi published on Financial Times of May 20 2010
When the euro was born everyone knew that sooner or later a crisis would occur. It was inevitable that, for a such a bold and unprecedented project, in some countries (even the most virtuous ones), mistakes would be [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/euro-money1.jpg" mce_href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/euro-money1.jpg"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-1609" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/euro-money1.jpg" mce_src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/euro-money1.jpg" alt="" height="531" width="353"></a>A big step towards fiscal federalism in Europe</p>
<p>By Romano Prodi published on <a target="_blank" mce_href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f74c1d8-6444-11df-8618-00144feab49a.html" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f74c1d8-6444-11df-8618-00144feab49a.html"><b>Financial Times</b></a> of May 20 2010</p>
<p>When the <a href="http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01949/ebirth.htm" mce_href="http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01949/ebirth.htm" target="_blank">euro was born</a> everyone knew that sooner or later a crisis would occur. It was inevitable that, for a such a bold and unprecedented project, in some countries (even the most virtuous ones), mistakes would be made and unforeseeable events occur. It was also clear that the stability and growth pact was – as I have said before – “stupid”, not because it was mistaken in its objectives, but because it was founded on purely mathematical parameters without any discretionary powers or political instruments to enforce it. Germany and France were the first countries to violate it, although not in a destabilising way: their finance ministers decided to ignore the objections of the European Commission (possibly because they were “too big to fail”).</p>
<p>Due to political difficulties it was not possible to protect the euro. I was warning years ago that, through no one’s fault in particular, extraordinary events could occur that would force joint co-ordination of fiscal policies. Then the <a href="http://www.ft.com/greece" mce_href="http://www.ft.com/greece" target="_blank">Greek crisis</a> arrived – serious in terms of the sins that caused it but easily solvable, considering the modest size of the country’s economy.</p>
<p>Yet swift action was lacking, which made it impossible to reach a quick agreement on fiscal discipline. <a href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5558046,00.html" mce_href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5558046,00.html" target="_blank">Elections</a> in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia delayed the realisation that the Greek crisis presented an opportunity to take the inevitable steps towards economic governance that were not possible when the euro was created. This implies new institutions or bodies to monitor the budgets of member states, enforce fiscal discipline and impose punishments for repeat offenders of budget discipline rules.</p>
<p>Many countries, however, are still not willing to entertain such a radical change to economic sovereignty, even though a possible crisis (not necessarily the Greek one) has been the subject of recurrent discussions in political and academic circles.</p>
<p>We are therefore at a crossroads. The only alternative to greater co-ordination of economic policies is dissolution of the euro. This would be a cataclysmic blow to the European project and, for Germany, particularly devastating. Despite the restructuring of the past decade, German economic competitiveness would be greatly reduced by currency devaluations in peripheral eurozone countries. As a consequence, its trade surplus would quickly dry up.</p>
<p>I <a href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-14/euro-breakup-talk-increases-as-germany-loses-proxy-update1-.html" mce_href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-14/euro-breakup-talk-increases-as-germany-loses-proxy-update1-.html" target="_blank">pushed hard</a> to get Italy into the <a href="http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/sala_stampa/speciali/cittadini_europa/scheda_14692.html" mce_href="http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/sala_stampa/speciali/cittadini_europa/scheda_14692.html" target="_blank">eurozone</a> to give my country the discipline it needed to end the string of currency devaluations that had left its economy fragile and undermined its public finances, despite the existence of a strong manufacturing sector.</p>
<p>I therefore consider the recent decisions made in Brussels as a very important step towards the gradual creation of a European fiscal federalism. Combining the resources of the eurozone countries and the Commission with those of the European Central Bank is a step beyond the stability and growth pact. In fact, creating bodies capable of preventative action and successful intervention would imply that the pact has been replaced by a more muscular co-ordination.</p>
<p>The biggest part of the new European stabilisation mechanism fund, worth €440bn ($540bn, £380bn), consists of national funds from the 16 eurozone countries, and is limited to three years. But we all know how difficult it is to withdraw from such an obligation.</p>
<p>Even though political divisions and delays in decision-making have profoundly weakened the euro and triggered market turmoil, the decision to underpin the euro with mutual financial co-operation is a big step forward.</p>
<p>Uncertainty will continue because many operational aspects of implementing the decisions are quite broad in outline. However, the ECB, the Commission and most eurozone countries have been given stronger powers and more far-reaching tasks and responsibilities than in the past, and markets will take this into account.</p>
<p>Questions remain about how these powers will be put into effect, as countries face political turbulence, and in some cases civil unrest, in the face of austerity measures. Yet, even though this rescue came very late, at an extremely high cost, and with damage to Europe’s image, the ship of the European Union is now sailing in the right direction. The Brussels agreement has shown there is no viable alternative to the euro.</p>
<p>The writer is former Italian prime minister and was president of the European Commission, 1999-2004</p>
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		<title>Une intégration progressive de l&#8217;Afrique sera le socle du développement du continent</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/une-integration-progressive-de-lafrique-sera-le-socle-du-developpement-du-continent_1615.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 10:21:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Une intégration progressive de l&#8217;Afrique sera le socle du développement du continent,
Article publié par Romano Prodi dans Le Monde du 19 mai 2010
Cette année, vingt-trois pays africains fêtent le cinquantenaire de leur indépendance. De nombreux espoirs nés à la fin de la colonisation n&#8217;ont toutefois pas pu devenir réalité. Du point de vue politique, économique [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/mappamondo_omini_410.jpg"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-1617" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/mappamondo_omini_410.jpg" alt="" width="390" height="292" /></a>Une intégration progressive de l&#8217;Afrique sera le socle du développement du continent,</p>
<p>Article publié par Romano Prodi dans <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/opinions/article/2010/05/19/une-integration-progressive-de-l-afrique-sera-le-socle-du-developpement-du-continent-par-romano-prodi_1353987_3232.html" target="_blank"><strong>Le Monde</strong></a> du 19 mai 2010</p>
<p>Cette année, vingt-trois pays africains fêtent le cinquantenaire de leur indépendance. De nombreux espoirs nés à la fin de la colonisation n&#8217;ont toutefois pas pu devenir réalité. Du point de vue politique, économique et humain, les responsabilités de cet échec en matière de développement sont complexes, et elles ont fait l&#8217;objet de vives discussions. Néanmoins, ce qui importe, c&#8217;est qu&#8217;elles soient partagées de façon équitable entre les responsables politiques africains et ceux des pays industrialisés qui, trop souvent, ont agi en poursuivant des intérêts de court terme et qui, de ce fait, ont échoué à construire les bases d&#8217;un développement stable et durable.</p>
<p>Toutefois, il est juste de rappeler qu&#8217;au cours des dix dernières années on a créé des mécanismes qui ont permis d&#8217;obtenir des résultats importants, en contribuant à la diminution des conflits armés et même à une croissance économique soutenue dans certaines zones &#8211; encore peu nombreuses &#8211; de cette région.</p>
<p>Même si la guerre n&#8217;a pas été extirpée du continent africain et bien qu&#8217;elle reste encore l&#8217;une des principales causes d&#8217;instabilité politique et économique, le partenariat entre l&#8217;Union africaine (UA) et les Nations unies a contribué à la stabilisation de différentes régions africaines tout en montrant aussi les nécessités de renforcer le rôle de l&#8217;UA et les moyens à sa disposition, encore trop insuffisants pour pouvoir répondre aux attentes. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une stratégie complexe, qui requiert du temps, mais il est nécessaire de la préparer et de la poursuivre.</p>
<p>Ma récente expérience de président du groupe d&#8217;experts des Nations unies et de l&#8217;Union africaine sur les opérations de maintien de la paix en Afrique m&#8217;a amené à des conclusions qui débordent du seul cadre de notre mission. Il est clair, désormais, que l&#8217;on ne pourra obtenir davantage de paix, de développement et de prospérité qu&#8217;en surmontant la fragmentation politique et économique du continent africain.</p>
<p>Si importants et indéniables que puissent être les progrès accomplis jusqu&#8217;ici, il est essentiel de les étendre à d&#8217;autres domaines de collaboration entre les différents pays africains. Une plus grande intégration politique et économique est une avancée nécessaire. Elle n&#8217;est pas le remède absolu aux maux qui affligent l&#8217;Afrique, mais de nombreuses questions, de nature régionale ou continentale, ne trouveront de solution qu&#8217;à un échelon supérieur à l&#8217;échelon national.</p>
<p>RÉFÉRENCE SYMBOLIQUE</p>
<p>L&#8217;histoire de l&#8217;Europe, depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, montre combien l&#8217;intégration dans ces domaines peut produire des bénéfices pour tous les pays et pour leurs populations, sans mettre en discussion les intérêts légitimes et les identités nationales des communautés impliquées. La récente réponse à la crise financière grecque, par la coopération de nombreux Etats européens, n&#8217;est que la dernière illustration d&#8217;un processus dont tout le Vieux Continent a tiré des bénéfices sans précédents, même si ce fut parfois au prix de compromis difficiles.</p>
<p>L&#8217;exemple européen, pour d&#8217;évidentes raisons historiques, politiques et économiques, ne peut pas et ne doit pas être érigé en modèle pour une intégration future de l&#8217;Afrique. Il y a trop de différences entre les deux continents ; trop de différences entre les populations respectives. Néanmoins, il représente une référence historique, et même symbolique, qui peut inspirer de nouveaux projets de coopération entre les Etats et les économies africaines.</p>
<p>C&#8217;est pour cette raison que la Fondation pour la collaboration entre les peuples, que je préside, organise le 21 mai à Bologne une conférence dans le but de stimuler le débat sur ce sujet. L&#8217;objectif final est de proposer une feuille de route visant à promouvoir le développement et la paix en Afrique par des phases progressives d&#8217;intégration, en prévision de deux autres conférences qui auront lieu à Washington en 2011 et à Addis Abeba en 2012.</p>
<p>Je suis convaincu que seule une plus grande coopération entre les pays africains permettra de résoudre bon nombre des problèmes qui touchent le continent. Un objectif qui ne pourra être atteint, soulignons-le, qu&#8217;en supprimant les &#8220;zones d&#8217;influence&#8221; économiques et politiques bilatérales qui caractérisent encore la présence des pays développés en Afrique.</p>
<p>Il est grand temps que l&#8217;Union africaine, l&#8217;Union européenne, les Etats-Unis et la Chine se donnent rendez-vous pour inaugurer une vraie orientation commune à l&#8217;égard de ce continent, en dépassant les approches uniquement bilatérales qui ont contribué négativement au développement de l&#8217;Afrique. Ce qui doit nous guider à l&#8217;avenir, c&#8217;est la mise en place progressive d&#8217;un processus de coopération. Cela exige, de la part des grands protagonistes de l&#8217;économie et de la politique mondiale, une action concertée.</p>
<p><em>Romano Prodi est président de la <a href="http://www.fondazionepopoli.org/" target="_blank">Fondation pour la collaboration entre les peuples</a>, et l&#8217;ancien président de la Commission européenne (1999-2004).</em></p>
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		<title>Prodigando&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/prodigando_1394.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Mar 2010 14:16:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cina]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Articolo di Pedro Nueno su La Vanguardia del 21 marzo 2010
El martes pasado soñaba despierto en Pekín escuchando a Romano  Prodi ante una audiencia de más de cien altos directivos europeos expatriados en  China. Ha decidido fichar como profesor en nuestra escuela en China y se ha  estrenado en marzo con un [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-1335" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/23546.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="222" />Articolo di Pedro Nueno su <a href="http://www.lavanguardia.es/free/edicionimpresa/res/20100321/53897845534.html" target="_blank"><strong>La Vanguardia</strong></a> del 21 marzo 2010</p>
<p><span>El martes pasado soñaba despierto en Pekín escuchando a Romano  Prodi ante una audiencia de más de cien altos directivos europeos expatriados en  China. Ha decidido fichar como <a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/?s=ceibs" target="_blank">profesor</a> en nuestra escuela en China y se ha  estrenado en marzo con un éxito sin precedentes. </span></p>
<p><span>Prodi fue ministro de Industria  en Italia en los difíciles últimos setentas, con menos de 40 años de edad. No  debió de hacerlo mal porque poco después le encargaron por 7 años la presidencia  del IRI, que era como el INI nuestro, un montón de empresas estatales y con  problemas. Saneó y privatizó compañías como Crédito Italiano o Banca Commerciale  Italiana. En 1999 el Consejo de Europa y el Parlamento Europeo lo eligieron  presidente de la Comisión Europea. En el 2006 fue elegido <a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/cgi-bin/adon.cgi?act=doc&amp;doc=1764" target="_blank">primer ministro</a> del  Gobierno de la República Italiana. Pero Prodi es un intelectual potente. Ha  compaginado el gobierno con la universidad y su lista de publicaciones es  interminable. Llegamos a un acuerdo en su despacho en la Universidad de Bolonia,  entre clase y clase. </span></p>
<p><span>Su éxito en China está siendo  espectacular con los jóvenes, los maduros y los séniors, chinos y occidentales.  Es una combinación de sencillez, humildad, sentido del humor, potencia  intelectual y una experiencia única. Días atrás un político nuestro decía que  antes, quienes entraban en la política o en el gobierno hacían un sacrificio,  dejando opciones mejores, mientras que hoy, la mayoría entra porque no tienen  otra cosa. Lo decía él y quizás pensaba en otros países. Con Romano Prodi debió  de ser lo primero. Cuando explica cómo introdujo el euro te das cuenta de la  habilidad que tuvo. Dice que le preocupaba cómo reaccionarían franceses y  alemanes perdiendo el franco y el marco. No debió de ser fácil. Yo pensaba:  &#8220;Menos mal que los más preocupados con la identidad son de letras; si no, lo  primero que hubiésemos hecho al montar la Generalitat es crear la pela; y si  hubiésemos tenido la pela, ¿habríamos aceptado cargárnosla para adoptar el euro?  Claro que si hoy tuviésemos la pela la podríamos devaluar y exportaríamos más&#8221;. </span></p>
<p><span>Prodi, completamente al día, introducía en su charla lo  último del Congreso del Partido Comunista que acababa de celebrarse en Pekín,  como la <a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-03/15/content_9588400.htm" target="_blank">frase</a> del primer ministro Wen Jiabao, en una rueda de prensa de dos  horas antes 800 periodistas de todo el mundo, atendiendo sus preguntas: &#8220;<a href="http://article.wn.com/view/2010/03/15/Brighter_than_the_sun/" target="_blank">La  justicia y la equidad brillan más que el sol</a>&#8220;, demostrando que la principal  preocupación del Partido Comunista chino es la estabilidad social que sólo se  consigue con justicia y equidad. Viendo a Prodi, que repitió varias veces que  nació en 1939, de pie, moviéndose ágilmente, tomando preguntas con apertura,  respondiendo con precisión y profundidad, con aquel sentido del humor, pensaba:  &#8220;¿Por qué los europeos entusiastas vienen a China?, ¿qué tendrá este país que  atrae, cultiva y retiene el entusiasmo?&#8221;.</span></p>
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		<title>Prodi rifiuta la presidenza di South Stream: &#8220;basta affari, insegno in Cina&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/interviste/prodi-rifiuta-la-presidenza-di-south-stream-basta-affari-insegno-in-cina_1369.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 13:05:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[LA SCELTA DI PRODI, NO A PUTIN, BASTA AFFARI INSEGNO IN CINA
IN INTERVISTA A AFP SPIEGA IL RIFIUTO A PRESIDENZA SOUTH STREAM
(ANSA) &#8211; ROMA, 17 MAR &#8211; Basta con gli affari, meglio insegnare e per di piu&#8217; in una delle 30 migliori scuole del mondo, secondo la classifica del Financial Times: la China
Europa international business [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1375" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/23544-300x199.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="199" />LA SCELTA DI PRODI, NO A PUTIN, BASTA AFFARI INSEGNO IN CINA<br />
IN INTERVISTA A AFP SPIEGA IL RIFIUTO A PRESIDENZA SOUTH STREAM</p>
<p>(<a href="http://archivio-radiocor.ilsole24ore.com/articolo-793226/gas-prodi-no-putin-presidenza/" target="_blank"><strong>ANSA</strong></a>) &#8211; ROMA, 17 MAR &#8211; Basta con gli affari, <a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/?s=ceibs" target="_blank">meglio insegnare</a> e per di piu&#8217; in una delle 30 migliori scuole del mondo, secondo la classifica del Financial Times: la China<br />
Europa international business School di Shangai. Per questo l&#8217;ex presidente del Consiglio Romano Prodi ha detto di no &#8221;per scelta&#8221; anche alla <a href="http://www.mysinchew.com/node/36520" target="_blank">proposta di Vladimir Putin</a> di diventare presidente di South Stream: &#8216;&#8217;se avessi voluto guadagnare avrei accettato la sua offerta&#8221;, ma &#8221;gli ho spiegato che e&#8217; meglio che un ex politico non lavori ad un progetto che ha contribuito a realizzare durante la sua carriera politica&#8221;.</p>
<p>Intervistato dall&#8217;<a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jrDXhy2YDeTeMpSGmARBC8hGBB7Q" target="_blank">Afp</a> a Shangai, dove si trova per dare il via ad una serie di conferenze sull&#8217;Ue e la visione europea della Cina, Prodi assicura che tra i tanti lavori fatti nella<br />
sua vita, &#8221;questa e&#8217; la scelta migliore&#8221;.</p>
<p>Scelte differenti, ricorda l&#8217;Afp, sono costate ad altri ex premier l&#8217;accusa di &#8221;presunto conflitto di interessi&#8221;, come nel caso dell&#8217;ex cancelliere tedesco Gerhard Schroeder, che dopo le sue dimissioni accetto&#8217; una poltrona nel consiglio di amministrazione di un oleodotto russo tedesco di cui aveva firmato l&#8217;atto di nascita, o ancora l&#8217;ex capo di governo britannico Tony Blair che ha moltiplicato i suoi contratti.</p>
<p>Prodi invece, sottolinea l&#8217;agenzia di stampa francese, sceglie di insegnare. &#8221;E&#8217; la scelta piu&#8217; appropriata per un ex uomo politico. Non c&#8217;e&#8217; niente di male a fare soldi -assicura- ma e&#8217; una scelta differente. Se avessi voluto far soldi avrei dovuto accettare l&#8217;offerta di Putin&#8221;.</p>
<p>Una scelta diversa, dunque, in un paese, la Cina, che non sta vivendo &#8221;un processo di cambiamento solo economico, ma totale&#8221;. E in una citta&#8217;, Shangai, che Prodi definisce<br />
&#8221;incredibile: il ritmo dei cambiamenti, la sua vitalita&#8217; e&#8217; senza paragoni. Ne&#8217; Los Angeles, ne&#8217; New York o Londra, ne&#8217; Parigi&#8230; Shangay -assicura Prodi- un crocevia di novita&#8217; &#8221;. (ANSA). TAM</p>
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		<title>Prodi boude le monde des affaires pour enseigner en Chine</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/prodi-boude-le-monde-des-affaires-pour-enseigner-en-chine_1380.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 10:08:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[industria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[istruzione]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Prodi boude le monde des affaires pour enseigner en Chine
Par D&#8217;Arcy DORAN
SHANGHAI (Chine), 17 mars 2010 (AFP) &#8211; Romano Prodi s&#8217;est vu  proposer des sièges dans des conseils d&#8217;administration et même de conduire un projet d&#8217;oléoduc, mais l&#8217;ancien président de la Commission européenne et ex-Premier ministre italien a préféré enseigner en Chine.
De nombreuses possibilités se [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1381" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/235431-300x199.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="199" />Prodi boude le monde des affaires pour enseigner en Chine</p>
<p>Par D&#8217;Arcy DORAN</p>
<p>SHANGHAI (Chine), 17 mars 2010 (<strong><a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jrDXhy2YDeTeMpSGmARBC8hGBB7Q" target="_blank">AFP</a></strong>) &#8211; Romano Prodi <a href="http://archivio-radiocor.ilsole24ore.com/articolo-793226/gas-prodi-no-putin-presidenza/" target="_blank">s&#8217;est vu  proposer</a> des sièges dans des conseils d&#8217;administration et même de conduire un projet d&#8217;oléoduc, mais l&#8217;ancien président de la Commission européenne et ex-Premier ministre italien a préféré enseigner en Chine.</p>
<p>De nombreuses possibilités se sont présentées à Romano Prodi, 70 ans, depuis qu&#8217;il a pris sa retraite en 2008 après deux mandats à la tête du gouvernement italien, encadrant ses cinq ans à la présidence de la Commission. Certaines auraient été très lucratives, notamment l&#8217;offre de  Vladimir Poutine: devenir président de South Stream, un projet d&#8217;oléoduc entre le russe Gazprom et l&#8217;italien Eni.</p>
<p>Prodi <a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/interviste/prodi-rifiuta-la-presidenza-di-south-stream-basta-affari-insegno-in-cina_1369.html" target="_blank">n&#8217;en a accepté aucune</a>, &#8220;par choix&#8221;. &#8220;J&#8217;ai expliqué à Poutine qu&#8217;il était mieux qu&#8217;un ancien responsable politique ne travaille pas dans un projet qu&#8217;il a aidé à prendre forme, pendant sa carrière politique&#8221;, dit-il lors d&#8217;un entretien avec l&#8217;AFP.</p>
<p>&#8220;Je ne voulais pas partir dans les affaires&#8221;, ajoute-t-il. Le choix contraire a valu des accusations de conflits d&#8217;intérêt potentiels à l&#8217;ancien chancelier allemand Gerhard Schroeder, peu après sa démission en 2005, quand il a accepté un siège au conseil d&#8217;administration d&#8217;un oléoduc russo-allemand dont il avait lui-même<br />
signé l&#8217;acte de naissance avec Poutine.</p>
<p>D&#8217;autres encore ont pris le chemin des affaires après une carrière politique, comme l&#8217;ancien chef du gouvernement britannique Tony Blair, qui a multiplié les contrats &#8212; conseiller d&#8217;un assureur suisse, d&#8217;une banque américaine, conférencier grassement payé&#8230;</p>
<p>Romano Prodi, lui, a attaqué cette semaine une série de conférences prévues sur une année à la China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), dans le quartier financier de Shanghai. &#8220;Des nombreux emplois que j&#8217;ai eus au cours de ma vie, celui-ci a été mon meilleur choix&#8221;, assure le septuagénaire. &#8220;C&#8217;est plus approprié pour un ancien homme politique. Il n&#8217;y a rien de mal à faire de l&#8217;argent mais c&#8217;est un choix différent. Si j&#8217;avais voulu l&#8217;argent j&#8217;aurais dû accepter l&#8217;offre de Poutine&#8221;, dit-il en riant.</p>
<p>A ses yeux CEIBS, a un autre avantage: l&#8217;école, classée parmi les 30 meilleures au monde par le Financial Times, contribue à jeter des ponts entre la Chine, troisième économie mondiale, et l&#8217;occident. Précieux pour &#8220;la paix, le développement, l&#8217;avenir&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;La Chine n&#8217;est pas seulement dans un processus de changement économique mais dans un processus de changement total&#8221;, affirme l&#8217;ancien dirigeant.</p>
<p>Après 27 ans de visites régulières en Chine, il a bien l&#8217;intention de continuer, en restant toutefois domicilé à Bologne, en Italie, où il a commencé sa carrière académique en 1966 en enseignant les sciences politiques.</p>
<p>Ses conférences doivent être axées sur l&#8217;UE, son fonctionnement et la vision européenne de la Chine, mais le programme exact n&#8217;a pas été arrêté, ni le nombre de ses interventions.</p>
<p>En avril, Romano Prodi quittera la Chine pour les Etats-Unis, et notamment l&#8217;université Brown de Rhode Island, où il a un contrat de cinq ans. Il sera de retour en mai dans ses terres pour une conférence sur le développement en Afrique, co-organisée par sa fondation et l&#8217;université Johns Hopkins.</p>
<p>Puis retour à Shanghai: &#8220;c&#8217;est une ville incroyable. Le rythme du changement à Shanghai, sa vitesse, est sans comparaison&#8221;. &#8220;Pas Los Angeles, pas New York ou Londres, ni Paris &#8230; Shanghai c&#8217;est un grand creuset de choses nouvelles qui arrivent&#8221;.<br />
dd-jg/pt/dfg</p>
<p>AFP 171009 GMT MAR 10</p>
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		<title>Il presidente, pigmeo o barboncino?</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/il-presidente-pigmeo-o-barboncino_1128.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/il-presidente-pigmeo-o-barboncino_1128.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 09:53:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europa]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Lettera di Romano Prodi su Economist del 22 ottobre 2009
President, pygmy or poodle?
SIR – In saying that “the European project has spent too many of its first 50 years looking inwards”, your leader on the European Union after the Irish referendum forgets the launching of the euro and the free circulation of European citizens through [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-1129" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/europe-cloudfree-msg1-desk-600-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" />Lettera di Romano Prodi su <strong><a href="http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14698141" target="_blank">Economist</a> </strong>del 22 ottobre 2009</p>
<p>President, pygmy or poodle?</p>
<p>SIR – In saying that “the European project has spent too many of its first 50 years looking inwards”, your leader on the European Union after the Irish referendum forgets the launching of the euro and the free circulation of European citizens through national borders brought about by the Schengen agreement (“<a href="http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14587055" target="_blank">Wake up Europe!</a>”, October 10th).</p>
<p>Maybe this slip has something to do with Britain—the country where the next and first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" target="_blank">permanent president</a> of the European Council could come from—shunning the single currency and refusing to join the Schengen area?</p>
<p>Romano Prodi<br />
Former president of the European Commission<br />
Bologna, Italy</p>
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		<title>I miei 5 anni a Brussels</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/i-miei-5-anni-a-brussels_914.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/i-miei-5-anni-a-brussels_914.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 10:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europa]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/?p=914</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My time in Brussels
By Romano Prodi to The Economist; Jul 9th, 2009
SIR – In his analysis of the process by which the new president of the European Commission is to be chosen and looking back at my performance in that job, Charlemagne called me “clever but incoherent” (June 27th). It is not for me to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_915" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/p-010801-00-161.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-915" title="Romano Prodi at the end of his term with incumbent José Manuel Barroso and the President of the Councile of the EU, Bertie Ahern" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/p-010801-00-161-300x198.jpg" alt="Romano Prodi at the end of his term with incumbent José Manuel Barroso and the President of the Councile of the EU, Bertie Ahern" width="300" height="198" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Romano Prodi at the end of his term with incumbent José Manuel Barroso and the President of the Councile of the EU, Bertie Ahern</p></div>
<p>My time in Brussels</p>
<p>By Romano Prodi to <strong><a href="http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13983202" target="_blank">The Economist</a></strong>; Jul 9th, 2009</p>
<p>SIR – In his analysis of the process by which the new president of the European Commission is to be chosen and looking back at my performance in that job, <a href="http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13899661" target="_blank">Charlemagne</a> called me “clever but incoherent” (June 27th). It is not for me to comment on whether or not I was clever.</p>
<p>As for my incoherence, it may well be that I was unable to express myself fluently. But my missed chance of a second term in Brussels had less to do with form than with substance.</p>
<p>My ambition was to lead European leaders into endorsing leaps forward in European Union integration that I deemed necessary to stand up to the challenges that history and globalisation were placing before all of us. These included the enlargement that took in east European countries, a deep institutional reform, and economic co-ordination in the euro area.</p>
<p>A clash was inevitable with the more nationally minded and deeply Eurosceptic among European leaders (the British prime minister of the time was the most intelligent and eloquent of them all) who would not tolerate the boss of the commission taking the lead.</p>
<p><em>Romano Prodi<br />
Former president of the European Commission<br />
Bologna</em></p>
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		<title>Pace e stabilità in Africa sono essenziali per la crescita economica</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/pace-e-stabilita-in-africa-sono-essenziali-per-la-crescita-economica_911.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 17:29:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crisi economica]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[peacekeeping]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[G-8 focuses on continent
Peacekeeping stressed as key to development success
By Romano Prodi on The Washington Times; July 8, 2009
When the Group of Eight industrialized democracies meet each year, the topics usually center on issues involving the respective countries&#8217; interests in the Northern Hemisphere.
However, at the current G-8 summit &#8212; Wednesday through Friday in L&#8217;Aquila, Italy [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_912" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/rp_onu_00011.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-912" title="The UN-AU Panel with Secretary-General; Mr. Roman Prodi (Italy), appointed to chair the Panel of distinguished persons; Mr. James Dobbins (United States); Mr. Jean-Pierre Halbwachs (Mauritius); Ms. Monica Juma (Kenya); Mr. Toshi Niwa (Japan); and Mr. Behrooz Sadry (Iran)." src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/rp_onu_00011-300x145.jpg" alt="The UN-AU Panel with Secretary-General; Mr. Roman Prodi (Italy), appointed to chair the Panel of distinguished persons; Mr. James Dobbins (United States); Mr. Jean-Pierre Halbwachs (Mauritius); Ms. Monica Juma (Kenya); Mr. Toshi Niwa (Japan); and Mr. Behrooz Sadry (Iran)." width="300" height="145" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The UN-AU Panel with Secretary-General; Mr. Roman Prodi (Italy), appointed to chair the Panel of distinguished persons; Mr. James Dobbins (United States); Mr. Jean-Pierre Halbwachs (Mauritius); Ms. Monica Juma (Kenya); Mr. Toshi Niwa (Japan); and Mr. Behrooz Sadry (Iran).</p></div>
<p>G-8 focuses on continent</p>
<p>Peacekeeping stressed as key to development success</p>
<p>By Romano Prodi on <strong><a href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jul/08/g-8-focuses-on-continent/?fe%20at=home_commentary" target="_blank">The Washington Times</a></strong>; July 8, 2009</p>
<p>When the Group of Eight industrialized democracies meet each year, the topics usually center on issues involving the respective countries&#8217; interests in the Northern Hemisphere.</p>
<p>However, at the current <a href="http://www.g8italia2009.it/G8/G8-G8_Layout_locale-1199882089535_Home.htm" target="_blank">G-8</a> summit &#8212; Wednesday through Friday in L&#8217;Aquila, Italy &#8212; Africa will be an important issue for discussion, and major African leaders have been invited to participate.</p>
<p>The problem of peacekeeping will be center stage because, unfortunately, violence still permeates many parts of the African continent. From the Horn to the Great Lakes to West Africa, conflict is endemic. The cost is staggering: Millions of people have been killed, and billions of dollars have been spent.</p>
<p>Associated problems &#8212; such as poor infrastructure, environmental threats, displacement and disease &#8212; mean the aftermaths of conflicts often are more damaging and long-lasting than the conflicts themselves. As a result, many attempts by the international community to alleviate poverty in Africa fall short.</p>
<p>Though military capability can be part of the solution, peace on the African continent cannot be achieved only by deploying force. Measures such as early warning, conflict prevention and resolution as well as post-conflict reconstruction also should be part of the peacemaking capacity.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/" target="_blank">U.N. Security Council</a> is charged with maintaining international peace and security, and &#8212; to its credit &#8212; U.N. peacekeeping efforts have undergone an exponential increase since the early 1990s.</p>
<p>However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these crucial objectives cannot be achieved without the much deeper involvement of African institutions, such as the <a href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/index/index.htm" target="_blank">African Union</a> (AU) and various regional organizations.</p>
<p>A significant amount of synergy can be generated by drawing on the respective capacities of these local organizations, but the AU has recognized the need to develop its own capacity to respond to crises on the continent.</p>
<p>That is why the six-member <a href="http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/09/12/au-un-establishment-of-the-au-un-panel-pursuant-to-security-council-resolution-1809-2008-statement-attributable-to-a-spokesperson-for-the-un-secretary-general/" target="_blank">U.N./AU panel</a> charged with studying peacekeeping in Africa (which I happen to chair) calls for increasing participation of the AU in the decision-making of peace operations there. In our report, we recommend that a sufficient peacekeeping capacity should be bolstered through financing so responsibility and ownership eventually are transferred to the AU.</p>
<p>However, when I discussed the findings of our <a href="http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/{65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9}/RO%20S2008%20813.pdf" target="_blank">report</a> at the U.N. Security Council on March 18, I found there was not a genuine desire from all of the most relevant countries to empower the AU to eventually take care of African peace.</p>
<p>After more than 30 declarations, two extremes developed: On one side, China, Italy, and other Mediterranean countries as well as the African nations themselves responded positively. France, the United Kingdom and Japan expressed considerable doubts.</p>
<p>Sadly, I feel such opposition brings back memories of old colonial behavior, which is very dangerous for the future of Africa and the world as a whole.</p>
<p>We need long-term strategies at the continental, national and local levels that support the efforts of political leaders to develop effective governance and the capacities to produce the stability essential for peace and economic growth.</p>
<p>Without this vision for the future, we will end up defining the problems of African wars as local conflicts, religious confrontation or the expansion of terrorism.</p>
<p>But these aren&#8217;t the reasons why Africa is racked with violence. Rather, they are the consequences of a lack of empowerment of the African people themselves to take care of their problems. It is time to help them have it.</p>
<p><em>Romano Prodi is the chairman of the U.N.-AfricanUnion Panel for Peacekeeping in Africa. He is the former president of the European Commission and the former prime minister of Italy.</em></p>
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		<title>“L&#8217;Ulivo? Un modello per tutti i riformisti europei”</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/lulivo-un-modello-per-tutti-i-riformisti-europei_841.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 09:36:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[L'Ulivo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Partito Democratico]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[David Coppi intervista Romano Prodi su Le Soir.be del 17 giugno 2009
 
Romano Prodi Ex-président de la Commission européenne, ancien chef du gouvernement en Italie
propos recueillis par David Coppi
« L’Olivier ? Un modèle pour tous les réformistes en Europe »
mercredi 17 juin 2009, 08:17
Ancien président de la Commission européenne, chef du gouvernement italien à deux reprises, Romano [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_842" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/prodissapostoli.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-842 " title="Romano Prodi il giorno della vittoria de L`Ulivo nel 1996" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/prodissapostoli-300x216.jpg" alt="omano Prodi il giorno della vittoria de L'Ulivo nel 1996" width="300" height="216" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Romano Prodi il giorno della vittoria de L`Ulivo nel 1996</p></div>
<p>David Coppi intervista Romano Prodi su <a href="http://www.lesoir.be/forum/a_bout_portant/article_712721.shtml" target="_blank"><strong>Le Soir.be</strong></a> del 17 giugno 2009</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Romano Prodi Ex-président de la Commission européenne, ancien chef du gouvernement en Italie</p>
<p>propos recueillis par David Coppi<br />
« L’Olivier ? Un modèle pour tous les réformistes en Europe »</p>
<p>mercredi 17 juin 2009, 08:17</p>
<p>Ancien président de la Commission européenne, chef du gouvernement italien à deux reprises, Romano Prodi est le « père » de l’Olivier, lancé en 1996 dans la péninsule, vaste rassemblement des progressistes (ex-communistes, socialistes, démocrates-chrétiens, écologistes) qui dama le pion un temps à la droite de Silvio Berlusconi…</p>
<p><em>Romano Prodi, la <a href="http://archives.lesoir.be/l%26%238217-olivier-bien-s%FBr-mais-pas-sans-mal_t-20090616-00NMGT.html?query=romano+prodi&amp;firstHit=0&amp;by=10&amp;sort=datedesc&amp;when=-1&amp;queryor=romano+prodi&amp;pos=0&amp;all=2056&amp;nav=1" target="_blank">coalition</a> (présumée à ce stade) en Belgique liant PS, Écolo et CDH s’inspire de l’« Olivier » italien…</em></p>
<p>Une boutade pour commencer : les écologistes ont raison de dire qu’il y a un changement climatique, car celui-ci est tellement fort que l’Olivier a séché en Italie et qu’il pousse en Belgique !… Blague à part, ce qui se passe est important pour nos pays comme pour l’ensemble de l’Europe. La crise des formations socialistes et sociales-démocrates européennes n’enlève rien à l’importance des thèses qu’elles portaient, comme des besoins auxquels elles répondaient. Et, en ce sens, il s’agit aujourd’hui d’actualiser nos instruments politiques afin qu’ils soient en phase avec l’évolution de nos sociétés : l’ouverture au monde, le souci de l’environnement, la nécessité de construire une politique européenne forte…</p>
<p>L’<a href="http://archives.lesoir.be/les-coalitions-possibles_t-20090611-00NK95.html?query=romano+prodi&amp;firstHit=0&amp;by=10&amp;sort=datedesc&amp;when=-1&amp;queryor=romano+prodi&amp;pos=1&amp;all=2056&amp;nav=1" target="_blank">alliance</a> du type Olivier peut être très précieuse à cet égard. Je reprends : protection des plus faibles, protection sociale, solidarité, défense de l’environnement, construction européenne, etc. Elle est de nature à faire gagner les progressistes.</p>
<p><em>L’Olivier en Belgique est assez « équilibré » entre ses composantes, socialiste, centriste humaniste, écologiste…</em></p>
<p>C’est mieux. Cela signifie que chacun des participants à la coalition doit aussi se faire l’interprète des problèmes de ses partenaires… En Italie, la situation est différente : on retrouve les différentes tendances à l’intérieur d’un même parti, le parti démocrate, mais au fond, les préoccupations sont identiques.</p>
<p><em>1996-2009 : l’Olivier reste donc un modèle performant pour vous…</em></p>
<p>Oui. L’épuisement de ce modèle en Italie a marqué l’écroulement total des forces réformistes et le triomphe de Berlusconi… C’est bien la preuve, a contrario, de son utilité. Et j’espère que tout cela pourra se reconstituer, je l’ai dit, au sein du parti démocrate chez nous. Qui a besoin de s’affirmer dans un grand congrès – auquel je ne participerai pas, ce n’est pas mon rôle – consacré à son contenu programmatique et à ses objectifs. Cela seulement lui permettra de conquérir l’Italie.</p>
<p>Ceci au passage : il y a une polémique au sein du parti démocrate italien sur l’affiliation à un groupe politique au parlement européen. Il fera partie de l’« Alliance des démocrates et des socialistes »</p>
<p>La polémique est assez vaine. Cette nouvelle « Alliance des démocrates et des socialistes » participe du grand changement dont je vous ai parlé et dont on a besoin à l’échelle européenne.</p>
<p>C’est un début. Un bon pas dans la bonne direction.</p>
<p><em>Un leader du parti démocrate, Francesco Rutelli, n’est pas d’accord de se rapprocher ainsi des socialistes…</em></p>
<p>En politique, quand une décision va dans le bon sens, il faut y être favorable.</p>
<p><em>Revenons à l’Olivier. Vous parlez de « progressistes » ?…</em></p>
<p>Plus volontiers de « réformistes », ceux qui s’engagent dans ces directions : équité sociale, construction européenne, souci des équilibres économiques, sociaux, environnementaux, accent prioritaire sur la recherche, l’innovation…</p>
<p><em>Toutes les gauches européennes ne suivent pas ce chemin</em></p>
<p>Et, de fait, elles perdent aux élections ! Il est clair que si nous avions une plate-forme européenne du type Olivier, les forces politiques progressistes et réformistes auraient d’autres performances. Au lieu de se disperser ! L’Alliance des démocrates et des progressistes est l’embryon d’une dynamique.</p>
<p><em>Un mot sur Silvio Berlusconi, son parti… Un « sujet » particulier en Europe…</em></p>
<p>Très particulier… Une forme de populisme qui n’a pas le souci de l’engagement européen, de la correction des déséquilibres sociaux, qui néglige les questions environnementales… Toute intervention dans la libre expression du marché est considérée comme une intrusion, un fait négatif. Et puis, avec lui, c’est un peu la démocratie postmoderne, où la responsabilité face aux citoyens compte moins que la capacité d’attraction des médias.</p>
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		<title>Fight the crisis with eurozone bond market</title>
		<link>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/fight-the-crisis-with-eurozone-bond-market_526.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanoprodi.it/articoli/estero/fight-the-crisis-with-eurozone-bond-market_526.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2009 12:40:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ll</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Estero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crisi economica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercati]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ONU]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Fight the crisis with eurozone bond market
by Romano Prodi on Financial Times              
published: February 25 2009 19:36 
Last Sunday in Berlin the governments of the most important European countries agreed to promote a new transparency in international financial markets. This is a very important decision to avoid future crises. It is also an urgent one, because [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><a href="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/euro.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-527" src="http://www.romanoprodi.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/euro-300x221.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="221" /></a>Fight the crisis with eurozone bond market<br />
by Romano Prodi on <strong><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a46e6db2-0371-11de-b405-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1" target="_blank">Financial Times</a></strong></em><em>              </em></p>
<p><em>published: February 25 2009 19:36 </em></p>
<p>Last Sunday in Berlin the governments of the most important European countries <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0f351aae-0149-11de-8f6e-000077b07658.html" target="_blank">agreed</a> to promote a new transparency in international financial markets. This is a very important decision to avoid future crises. It is also an urgent one, because a concrete plan of action must be defined in the next Group of 20 nations <a href="http://www.londonsummit.gov.uk/en/" target="_blank">summit</a> in London, at the beginning of April.</p>
<p>This will not be an easy project, because those who have interests in tax havens will attempt to block the creation of a transparent regime for the enormous flows of international money. The recent <a href="http://www.newser.com/article/d96erqm80/new-us-lawsuit-against-ubs-tests-swiss-bank-secrecy-laws-in-pursuit-of-suspect-tax-cheats.html" target="_blank">tension</a> between the US and Switzerland on bank secrecy is just one of the first signs of the likely conflicts that will be triggered when this difficult but needed project is fully implemented. This is why the European decision to act is not only appropriate, but shows courage and wisdom.</p>
<p>While it is crucial to look ahead and plan for future reforms, we also need to tackle the immediate crisis that threatens Europe. Indeed, in the past weeks individual countries, even in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" target="_blank">eurozone</a>, have been left alone in the defence of their economies and their banks during the financial storm. Irish, Greek and Portuguese Treasury bonds, and to a lesser extent Spanish and Italian ones, have shown widening yield spreads, especially compared with those of Germany. In addition, the economic difficulties and related weakness of many banks of the European Union states outside the eurozone are shaking the banking and financial system as a whole.</p>
<p>In order to avoid European countries being forced to confront the crisis on their own and relying only on their own resources, we must provide the EU with a common defence system. Here European solidarity should not just be seen as an abstract ethical value that we talk about, but it is the best tool to avoid the deepening of the crisis.</p>
<p>In other words, a euro spent to defend the EU as a whole has much more value then a euro spent to defend one individual country.</p>
<p>To that end, two decisions must now urgently be taken at the European level.</p>
<p>The first concerns the EU budget, which is today lower than 1 per cent of the European gross domestic product. This budget should be increased to 1.25 per cent when the 2008-09 budget is revised, targeting and binding the extra 0.25 per cent to extraordinary interventions aimed to reduce the tensions in the EU countries. This measure will greatly help in stabilising European financial markets.</p>
<p>The second decision concerns the issuance of European public debt notes in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, the Treasury bills of the member states. How to issue, control and use these notes should be the sole responsibility of the finance ministers of the eurozone, in strict agreement with the European Central Bank.</p>
<p>These two tools should be used by Europe to ensure it is proactive and does not end up the passive victim of the financial storms afflicting individual countries.</p>
<p>Finally, we must remember that while the euro has become one of the reference and reserve currencies in the global market, there is not yet a specific European note to invest in.</p>
<p>I am aware of the fact that these proposals may raise some concern in the governments of those countries that should carry the heaviest burden, such as Germany, where the issue has been deeply and strongly debated.</p>
<p>I understand, too, that I am touching on one of the pillars of the euro’s foundations – the view that while the currency is common, the debts of the individual states must remain separate. However, we face such a critical moment that it is in the interest of everyone – Germany in particular – that Europe unites to face the common threat.</p>
<p>The German finance minister, Peer Steinbrück, recently agreed that there is a need to step in, if there is a risk of default by one country. The best way to do this is being proactive by creating a market for eurobonds at the European level.</p>
<p>Although these decisions are critical, there is also a need to offer Germany, and the other virtuous countries, credible guarantees about the use of these common financial sources.</p>
<p>I do believe that a spirit of solidarity is not only an essential of the EU, but must be the foundation on which Europe builds to defeat the fear that is fuelling the global crisis.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>The writer is the former prime minister of Italy and was president of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004</em></p>
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